The performance of photovoltaic (PV) panels is significantly affected by high operating temperatures, which reduce efficiency and overall output. This study addresses this issue by introducing an innovative air-cooling system designed to enhance thermal performance. This review examines passive, active, and hybrid PV cooling techniques addressing heat management challenges. Passive methods such as radiative cooling and phase change. . Photovoltaic cells absorb 80% of the sun's radiation, but the efficiency of converting solar energy into electricity is only 12 – 18%, with a maximum of 24% for monocrystalline cells. This means that a significant proportion of solar energy is irretrievably lost.
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