This study aims to address this need by examining various thermal management approaches for BESS, specifically within the context of Virtual Power Plants (VPP). It evaluates the effectiveness, safety features, reliability, cost-efficiency, and appropriateness of these systems . . This paper provides a comprehensive review of battery management systems for grid-scale energy storage applications. In this context, cooling systems play a pivotal role as enabling technologies for BESS, ensuring the essential thermal stability required for. . BESS, short for Battery Energy Storage System, is an advanced energy storage technology solution widely adopted in the renewable energy sector. Within the industry, it is commonly referred to as “BESS” or “BESS batteries. ” Its core function is to store electricity generated from renewable sources. .
